Combined free and forced laminar convection in internally finned square ducts

Analysis is presented for the heat transfer performance of square ducts with internal fins from each wall in the case of combined free and forced convection by fully developed laminar flow. Numerical results are obtained for the Nusselt number and the pressure drop parameter for various values of finlengths and heat source parameter. For various values of Rayleigh numbers, the Nusselt number increases with the increase in finlength and decreases with the increase in heat source parameter.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Analyse für den Wärmeaustausch von quadratischen Rohren mit inneren Rippen an jeder Wand im Falle einer Kombination von freier und erzwungener Konvektion bei voll entwickelter laminarer Strömung gegeben. Numerische Resultate für die Nusselt-Zahl und den Druckabfall-Koeffizienten für verschiedene Rippenbreiten und Parameter der Wärmequelle werden erhalten. Für einige Werte der Rayleighzahl wächst die Nusselt-Zahl mit der Rippenbreite und fällt mit wachsendem Parameter der Wärmequelle.

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Nomenclature A cross sectional area of the duct - B _2k Bernoulli numbers - c _p specific heat at constant pressure - D _h hydraulic diameter of finless duct - E _n complex constants (20) - F heat source parameter,Q/c _p - F _n () defined by Equation (14) - G(, , , ) Green's function (15, 16) - g gravitational acceleration - H() Heaviside function - h() defined by Equation (22) - i imaginary unit,i ²=–1 - ImW imaginary part ofW - K(,t) kernel of the integral equation, defined by (25) - k thermal conductivity - L pressure drop parameter, –D _h ² (p/x+ _w )/ - l fin length of each fin, Figure (1) - N _u Nusselt number, Equation (32) - p pressure - Q heat generation rate - R() defined by Equation (26) - R _A Rayleigh number, _w gc _p D _h ⁴ /k - ReW real part ofW - T dimensionless temperature, (t–t _w )/(c _p D _h ² /k) - T _mx dimensionless mixed mean temperature, Equation (33) - t fluid temperature - t ₀ reference temperature atx=0 - u local axial velocity - mean axial velocity - V u/ - W complex function defined by Equation (6) - w suffix denoting wall conditions - W ₀ defined by Equation (9) - W ₁ W–W ₀, Equation (18) - x axial coordinate along the length of the duct - y, z cross-sectional coordinates - constant temperature gradient, t/x - coefficient of thermal expansion of the fluid - fluid density - _n - dynamic viscosity - () Dirac delta function - ² Laplacian operator, ²/y ²/²/z ² - , y/D _h ,z/D _h