硝基四唑及其高氮化合物*

硝基四唑及其高氮化合物是指分子中含有5-硝基四唑结构的一类高氮化合物，优越的性能和突出的特点使其成为含能材料领域的研究热点之一，在起爆药、推进剂及其燃速催化剂、高能炸药、气体发生剂等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文对硝基四唑的结构与热分解机理进行了分析介绍；全面系统地综述评价了硝基四唑及其盐类和配合物类衍生物的合成、性能表征与应用前景。根据其成盐阳离子的不同，硝基四唑盐类主要包括碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、过渡金属盐、胺盐和高氮杂环阳离子盐。根据配位方式的不同，其配合物可分为配阴离子型和配阳离子型。在此基础上，对硝基四唑及其高氮化合物的未来发展及应用提出了展望。

Nitro-Tetrazole and Its High Nitrogen-Contented Compounds

Nitro-tetrazole and its high nitrogen-contented compounds are a family of important energetic materials, which exhibits the excellent performance and distinctive structure character. Recently, they have attracted more and more attention in the field of energetic materials due to their widely potential applications in the areas of primary explosives, propellant, burning catalyst, high energy explosives, gas-generating agents and so on. The structure of nitro-tetrazole and its thermal decomposition mechanism are discussed. The process in nitro-tetrazole and its salts as well as coordination complexes are reviewed in this paper, in which the synthesis, characterization and application about them are mainly summarized. Salts of nitro-tetrazole comprise of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, transition metal salts, amine salts and high nitrogen-contented azoles salts according to the difference of the cations. In addition, the coordination compounds can be classified to coordination complex cations and coordination complex anions considering the coordinated mode. On this basis, the development trends of the nitro-tetrazole and its high nitrogen-contented compounds are prospected. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Nitro-tetrazole
3 Salts of nitro-tetrazole
3.1 Alkali metal salts
3.2 Alkaline earth metal salts
3.3 Transition metal salts
3.4 Amine salts
3.5 High nitrogen-contented azoles salts
4 Coordination complex of nitro-tetrazole
4.1 Coordination complex cations
4.2 Coordination complex anions
5 Conclusion and prospects