Long-period variations in the characteristics of frontal zones in the north Atlantic and their relation to solar activity and cosmic ray variations

The oscillations of the temperature gradients with the periods of ～10 and ～22 years have been detected in the Arctic frontal zone near the Greenland coasts. It has been shown that geomagnetic activity and the rate of variations in the GCR flux in the 11-year solar cycle are the main factors affecting the temperature contrasts in the frontal zone. It has been noted that the detected variations in the frontal zone temperature characteristics are important for the formation of the solar activity effects on the intensity of extratropical cyclogenesis.