HR-ICP-MS研究丰水期黄河甘宁蒙段过滤水和悬浮物中重金属的含量特征和污染评价

为研究黄河甘宁蒙段丰水期过滤水和悬浮物中重金属的含量特征及污染状况，采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HR-ICP-MS)对黄河甘宁蒙段昭君浮桥 (S1)、包头浮桥(S2)等10个采样点过滤水中六种重金属(Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Cu和Zn)及悬浮物中九种重金属(Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Co, Zn和Mn)的含量特征、污染评价和源分析进行研究。结果表明：(1)过滤水中只有Cr元素含量在所有采样点超出《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002) 的标准限值，且在10个采样点中均为最高(74.8～94.7 μg·L-1);单因子指数(I_i)评价结果表明除包头浮桥(S2)未受总氮(TN)污染外，其余采样点水质均受Cr元素和TN污染;内梅罗综合指数法(I)得出所有采样点的I值均在1～2之间(轻污染程度)，表明黄河甘宁蒙段水质，尤其是下游段(S1～S6)已不是生活饮用水、水产养殖等的理想水源。(2)悬浮物中Ni含量(34.7 μg·L-1) 只在玛曲点(S10)低于中国土壤元素背景值(35.2 μg·L-1)，在其余点均高于背景值，而其余八种元素在10个采样点的含量均高于背景值;地累积指数法(I_geo)结果表明九种元素中Cd元素的I_geo值(0.452～2.89)在10个采样点中均为最高值，且在昭君浮桥(S1)、包头浮桥(S2)、乌海(S5)和东大沟入黄河口(S8)这四个采样点处达到中污染-重污染程度，其余八种元素在各采样点的I_geo值均小于1，为无污染或无污染-中污染程度。研究结果为全面研究该流域重金属分布、迁移及有效保护提供可信的实验数据。

Research on the Content Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Filtered Water and Suspended Particles f rom Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Sections of the Yellow River in Wet Season Using HR-ICP-MS

The content characteristics, pollution evaluation and source identification of 6 heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Zn) in filtered water and 9 heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Co, Zn and Mn) in suspended particles from 10 sampling sites such as Zhaojunfuqiao (S1) and Baotoufuqiao (S2), etc. from Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River in 2012 Wet Season were studied to understand the condition of the heavy metal pollution in Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Sections of the Yellow River by using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Multivariate geochemical approaches and statistical analysis were also exploited for assessing the level of heavy metals in filtered water and suspended particles from studied area. The results showed that in filtering water, only the concentrations of Cr exceeded the standard value of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838—2002) and were the highest (74.8～94.7 μg·L-1) among all elements in 10 sampling sites; Single factor pollution index (I_i) results suggested that the water quality in all sampling sites were contaminated by both Cr and total nitrogen (TN), with the exception of TN in Baotoufuqiao (S2); Integrated Nemerow pollution index (I) indicated that the I values in all sampling sites were between 1～2 (light pollution), which implied that the water quality in Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections, especially downstream sections (S1～S6) of the Yellow River wasn’t an ideal source for drinking and using in aquaculture any more. In suspended particles, concentrations of heavy metals were relatively higher than their soil background values in 10 sampling sites, except Ni in S10 (34.7 μg·L-1). Index of geo-accumulation (I_geo) indicated that the I_geo values of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Co, Zn and Mn in all sampling sites were less than 1 (unpolluted or unpolluted-moderately polluted), respectively, while ICd_geo were the highest in 10 sampling sites among all heavy metals and with the moderately to strong contamination in Zhaojunfuqiao (S1), Baotoufuqiao (S2), Wuhai (S5) and Dongdagouruhuanghekou (S8). The results of this paper would help to supply reliable experimental data for researching of distribution, migration and effective protection of heavy metals in study area.