温压炸药在野外近地空爆中的冲击波规律

为了研究温压炸药在敞开空间爆炸中冲击波的规律，选取典型温压炸药制成不同量级的裸药柱进行野外近地空爆实验，同时用TNT进行对比实验，获取温压炸药与TNT的冲击波参数并拟合得到相似律公式。结果表明，温压炸药的冲击波超压峰值在中远场略高于TNT；在相同对比距离处，温压炸药的比冲量明显高于TNT，在对比距离小于2 m/kg1/3的近场，温压炸药的比冲量达到TNT的2倍。引入超压-比冲量曲线描述冲击波特征，表明当超压峰值相同时，温压炸药比冲量更大, 超压峰值在20~50 kPa的中度以下毁伤范围时，温压炸药的比冲量比TNT高40%~60%，可产生更严重的毁伤效应。冲量是爆炸冲击波的重要毁伤元素，应建立与冲量有关的方法评价温压炸药的威力。

Shockwave characteristics of thermobaric explosive in free-field explosion

The energy release process and damage characteristics of thermobaric explosive (TBE), a non-ideal explosive, differ from those of a normal explosive. In the present work, free-field explosion experiments were done to study the shock wave characteristics of TBE. The typical TBE grains and TNT grains with different magnitude order were tested and the shock wave parameters of TBE and TNT were obtained and fitted following the explosion similarity principle. Then a comparative research of TBE and TNT was done to show the characteristics of TBE. The results show that the peak pressure of TBE isn't obviously advantageous compared with that of TNT because it is only slightly higher than TNT at middle and far field. The positive phase time and impulse are related not only with the shock wave intensity and propagation distance but also with the explosive quality, so the specific impulse and specific positive phase time were studied. The correlation of the specific positive phase time between TBE and TNT is not definite. The specific impulse of TBE is higher than that of TNT at the same contrastive distance. When it is less than 2 m/kg1/3, the specific impulse of TBE is 2 times that that of TNT. The curves of the peak pressure and the specific impulse was introduced to describe the characteristics of the shock wave, showing that the specific impulse of TBE is larger than that of TNT under the same peak pressures. When the peak pressure is between 20 kPa to 50 kPa, the damage degree is below middle level but when the specific impulse of TBE is 40%-60% higher than that of TNT serious damage is generated. As an important damage factor in the free field explosion, the impulse should be taken into account when evaluating the power of TBE.