Surface characterisation of carbon monoxide hydrogenation catalysts under reducing conditions,using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger electron spectroscopy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;2. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Center for Catalytic Science & Technology (CCST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;1. Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea;2. Global Technology Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea;3. Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea;1. Computational Process Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;2. Department of Immunology and Physiology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom;4. Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Promoted, fused iron catalysts, active for CO hydrogenation have been monitored by electron spectroscopy during reduction in 1 bar flowing hydrogen, using an integrated reaction cell/surface analysis system. XPS chemical shift data clearly reveal the extent of reduction and show that it is virtually complete after 6 h reaction at the highest temperature employed (673 K). Apart from reduction, hydrogen also causes segregation of many promoters to the surface with the following order of mobilities: K>Ca≅Si>Mg≅A1. Due to this segregation, surface oxide remains the dominant species, even after reduction, with a comparatively low level of metallic iron. The presence of bulk carbon in the catalyst was also indicated. |
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