Asperphenyltones A and B: New Phenylfuropyridinone Skeleton from an Endophytic Aspergillus sp. GXNU-A1

Chemical investigation of the fermentation extract of the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. GXNU-A1, isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L., discovered an undescribed pair of enantiomers (asperphenyltones A and B (±1)), together with four previously described metabolites: nodulisporol (2), isosclerone (3), 2,3,4-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylbenzyl alcohol (4), and 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran (5). Analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data of the compounds supported their structural assignments. The presence of the asperphenyltones A and B, which are a pair of enantiomers, was established by HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Metabolites 1–5 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO), and 1, 3, and 4 showed significant potential inhibitory activities against NO production in activated macrophages with IC₅₀ values of 26–40 μM, respectively.