The growth and field evaporation of Er and deuterated Er films |
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Authors: | I Solano PR Schwoebel |
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Institution: | Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, 1919 Lomas Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA |
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Abstract: | The morphological structure of clean and deuterated Er films deposited on W substrates and their removal by field evaporation have been investigated as part of a program directed toward the development of deuterium ion sources for neutron generators. Annealed Er films up to ~ 20 monolayers in thickness deposited on W < 110 > substrates appear pseudomorphic. Thicker annealed films form a hexagonal close-packed < 0001 > orientated over-layer with the Pitsch–Schrader orientation relation. The pseudomorphic and hexagonal close-packed character of the films is retained up to the last atomic layer that forms the film-substrate interface. Deuterated Er films appear polycrystalline. At 77 K in Ar, annealed Er films field evaporate at 2.5 V/Å primarily as Er2 + and deuterated Er films evaporate at ~ 2.4 V/Å primarily as ErDx2 +. Field evaporation of both clean and deuterated Er films shows signs of space charge induced field lowering when film thicknesses exceeding ~ 10 layers were field evaporated using 20 ns duration voltage pulses. |
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