鹅膏菌的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱对云南野生鹅膏科蘑菇子实体及孢子进行了研究，二者的光谱差异显著。子实体光谱的最强峰出现在蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ的特征峰1 655 cm-1附近，在碳水化合物的C—O特征振动峰1 077， 1 042 cm-1附近也有强吸收，表明鹅膏科蘑菇子实体的主要成分是蛋白质和碳水化合物;孢子的三个强峰在2 926，2 855，1 747 cm-1,归属为脂类物质的吸收。在1 800～750 cm-1,不同属、不同种的鹅膏科蘑菇光谱有区别，以此可以区分不同种类的蘑菇。此外，隐花青鹅膏菌不同部位的光谱也有差异，表明蘑菇的化学组分在子实体的不同部位有不同分布。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱可以区分不同种类的蘑菇。

Investigation of Amanitaceae Mushrooms by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

In the present paper, FTIR was used for obtaining vibrational spectra of untreated Amanitaceae mushrooms harvested in the mountains of Yunnan province, Southwest of China. The results show that the spectra of fruiting body and spore exhibit obvious differences. In the spectra of fruiting body, the strongest absorption band appears at about 1 655 cm-1,which is described as amide Ⅰ. There are two strong absorption bands at 1 077 and 1 042 cm-1 which are assigned to C—O stretching in carbohydrate. The vibrational spectra indicate that the main compositions of the Amanitaceae mushrooms are protein and carbohydrate. The spectrum of spore of Amanita fritillaria shows strong bands at 2 926, 2 855 and 1 747 cm-1,which can be assigned to the absorption of lipids. The spectra of fruiting body exhibit complicated patterns in the interval between 1 800 and 750 cm-1,which may be used to discriminate different species of Amanitaceae mushrooms. In addition, FTIR spectral differences were observed between different parts of Amanita manginiana. The result suggests that the chemical constituents are various in different parts of fruiting bodies. It is showed that FTIR spectroscopic method is a valuable tool for rapid and nondestructive identification of Amanita mushrooms.