自然因素约束下潜在海洋潜水旅游目的地识别方法与案例

潜水品质取决于海洋自然环境, 须在自然环境适宜地建设潜水旅游目的地, 才能培育潜水旅游业. 借助ArcGIS 10.5软件, 运用多因子、层次分析方法构建海洋潜水旅游目的地适宜性评价指标及集成判别技术路线, 识别全球海洋潜水旅游目的地的潜在分布, 并结合我国潜水分布适宜区为海域空间规划编制内容提供现实依据. 研究发现 (1)影响建设海洋潜水旅游目的地的因素是海水深度、海洋表层水温、海流、潮汐、珊瑚密度等, 热量条件对适宜潜水全球分异起到了关键制约, 随着海水水温、珊瑚礁分布等自然条件优势减弱, 适宜性也逐渐降低, 形成由低纬向高纬递减规律; (2)全球最适宜发展潜水旅游的地点集中在东南亚、太平洋西部与东部、印度洋西部与北部、中美洲等地区; (3)由于南海和东海部分海域更具丰富的生物多样性、良好的光热条件, 是中国潜水旅游目的地的最适宜区和较适宜区, 海南三亚、西沙群岛以及广西涠洲岛等目的地已成为中国海洋潜水旅游的重点开发区域.

Identification methods and case-study of potential marine diving tourism destinations constrained by natural factors

The quality of diving depends on the natural amenity. Only by properly building diving tourism destinations in the natural environment can we develop an efficient diving tourism industry. With the help of ArcGIS10.5 software, multi-factor and analytic hierarchy process are used to construct the suitability evaluation index and systematic discrimination technical route of marine diving tourism destinations, and to preliminarily identify the potential distribution of global marine diving tourism destinations. The findings are as follows (1) The factors that affect the construction of marine diving tourism destinations are the depth of sea water, the surface water temperature of the ocean, the current, the tide, the coral density, etc. Heat condition plays a key role in the global differentiation of suitable diving. With the weakening of natural conditions such as seawater temperature and coral reef distribution, the suitability also gradually decreases, forming a law of decreasing from low latitude to high latitude. (2) The most suitable places to develop diving tourism in the world are concentrated in Southeast Asia, western and eastern Pacific Ocean, western and northern Indian Ocean, Central America and other regions. (3) Due to the abundant biodiversity and good lighting and heating conditions, the most suitable areas for diving tourism in China are located in parts of the South China Sea and the East China Sea, respectively. Besides, Sanya and Xisha Islands in Hainan, Weizhou Island in Guangxi, as well as some other destinations have become the key development areas of marine diving tourism in China.