Advances on antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by Zn(II) porphyrins |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland;2. National Medicine Institute, Chełmska 30/34, Warsaw, Poland;3. Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;1. Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil;2. Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemical Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil;1. Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China;2. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;3. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Egypt;5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China;6. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Over the years, microorganisms have developed several resistance mechanisms against standard treatments, thus limiting the effect of drugs and rendering ineffective therapies. Considering the growing number of resistant pathogens and adverse effects of conventional therapies, new antimicrobial technologies able to provide more effective, rapid, and safer treatments to inactivate pathogens, with unlikely chances of inducing resistance, are needed. In this regard, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has emerged as an alternative modality of treatment. In particular, Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) hold great potential as photosensitizers (PSs) for aPDI and have been attracting increasing attention. The chemical structure of ZnPs can be tailored to produce PSs with improved chemical stability and photophysical properties, also modulating their amphiphilic and ionic characters, bioavailability, and (sub)cellular distribution. Thus, in this review, we provide a detailed report of studies published in about the last 10 years (2010–2021) focusing on aPDI mediated by ZnPs over a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Fundamentals of aPDI, and porphyrin and its derivatives, especially ZnPs, are also included herein. We hope that this review can guide and be a reference for future studies related to aPDI mediated by ZnPs, and encourages more detailed studies on ZnP photophysical and photochemical properties, aiming to improve the fight against infectious diseases. |
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| Keywords: | Antimicrobial resistance Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Photosensitizer Virus |
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