纳秒级时间分辨光谱诊断系统及其辐射防护

强流电子束二极管是强脉冲辐射环境模拟装置和高功率微波技术中的重要研究方向，通过时间分辨光谱诊断研究阴极等离子体的特性是分析强流脉冲电子束二极管工作性能的可靠方法之一。介绍了具有纳秒级时间分辨能力的光谱诊断系统及其工作原理、系统组成和性能参数，并阐述了低抖动同步触发系统的实现方法和时序关系。同时，针对强脉冲辐射模拟装置产生的强脉冲电磁辐射和强X、γ射线辐射对光谱诊断系统造成严重干扰的情况，设计了电磁屏蔽室和铅屏蔽室对诊断系统进行保护。对黄铜阴极的等离子体进行时间分辨光谱测量，实验结果表明，随着二极管脉冲电压和电流的上升，参与形成阴极等离子体的元素和物质成分明显增多。该光谱诊断系统的时间分辨能力为10 ns，最小可达2 ns，同步触发系统的抖动小于4.0 ns，为深入研究二极管的阴极发射机理开辟了新的技术途径。

System of ns Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Diagnosis and Radioprotection

Cathode plasma of high current electron beam diode is an important research on high power microwave and strong pulsed radio accelerator. It is a reliable method to study cathode plasma by diagnosing the cathode plasma parameters with non-contact spectroscopy measurement system. The present paper introduced the work principle, system composition and performance of the nanosecond (ns) time-resolved spectroscopy diagnosis system. Furthermore, it introduced the implementing method and the temporal relation of lower jitter synchronous trigger system. Simultaneously, the authors designed electromagnetic and radio shield room to protect the diagnosis system due to the high electromagnetic and high X-ray and γ-ray radiation, which seriously interferes with the system. Time-resolved spectroscopy experiment on brass (H62) cathode shows that, the element and matter composition of cathode plasma is clearly increase with the increase in the diode pulsed voltage and current magnitude. The spectroscopy diagnosis system could be of up to 10 ns time resolve capability. It’s least is 2 ns. Synchronous trigger system’s jitter is less than 4 ns. The spectroscopy diagnosis system will open a new way to study the cathode emission mechanism in depth.