两亲性树状聚合物*

树状聚合物及其功能化是近年来高分子科学界的研究热点之一。本文综述了不同类型的树状聚合物，分别有聚酯、聚丙三醇、聚乙烯亚胺等超支化聚合物，聚酰胺-胺、聚丙烯亚胺等树枝状聚合物。通过对树状聚合物末端大量官能团的亲水（亲油）改性可以制备两亲性树状聚合物，改性方法主要有酰胺化反应、酯化反应、麦克尔加成反应等。与通过缩聚反应所得到的上述树状聚合物不同，近年来配位聚合领域出现的通过“链行走”机理形成的树状聚乙烯，引起了高度关注，这方面着重介绍了乙烯与极性单体直接共聚合或者采用链行走与原子转移自由基聚合联用制备两亲性树状乙烯聚合物。最后对两亲性树状聚合物领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Amphiphilic Dendritic Polymer

Recently, the research of dendritic polymers and their functionalization is one of the most considerable interest in the field of polymer science. The review deals with different dendritic polymers which are polyesters, polyglycerol, polyethylenimine hyperbranched polymers, poly(amidoamine), poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers. Amphiphilic dendritic polymers have been prepared via hydrophobic (hydrophilic) modification of a large number of reactive terminal groups of those dendritic polymers，and the methods of modification include amidation, esterification, Michael addition reaction and so on. Different from those dendritic polymers prepared via polycondensation, dendritic polyethylene have been obtained by “chain-walking” mechanism of coordination polymerization, which has attracted increasing attention. In this regard, amphiphilic dendritic polyethylene have been synthesized by copolymerizing ethylene with a comonomer or by tandem chain walking polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Furthermore, the possible topics of amphiphilic dendritic polymer in the future investigation are discussed.