Greener Monolithic Solid Phase Extraction Biosorbent Based on Calcium Cross-Linked Starch Cryogel Composite Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles for Benzo(a)pyrene Analysis |
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| Authors: | Aree Choodum Nareumon Lamthornkit Chanita Boonkanon Tarawee Taweekarn Kharittha Phatthanawiwat Wilasinee Sriprom Wadcharawadee Limsakul Laemthong Chuenchom Worawit Wongniramaikul |
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| Institution: | 1.Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Phuket Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Kathu, Phuket 83120, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.B.); (T.T.); (K.P.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (W.W.);2.Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Hat Yai Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; |
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| Abstract: | Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been recognized as a marker for the detection of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this work, a novel monolithic solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent based on graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) in starch-based cryogel composite (GO-Cry) was successfully prepared for BaP analysis. Rice flour and tapioca starch (gel precursors) were gelatinized in limewater (cross-linker) under alkaline conditions before addition of GO (filler) that can increase the ability to extract BaP up to 2.6-fold. BaP analysis had a linear range of 10 to 1000 µgL−1 with good linearity (R2 = 0.9971) and high sensitivity (4.1 ± 0.1 a.u./(µgL−1)). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 4.21 ± 0.06 and 14.04 ± 0.19 µgL−1, respectively, with excellent precision (0.17 to 2.45%RSD). The accuracy in terms of recovery from spiked samples was in the range of 84 to 110% with no significant difference to a C18 cartridge. GO-Cry can be reproducibly prepared with 2.8%RSD from 4 lots and can be reused at least 10 times, which not only helps reduce the analysis costs (~0.41USD per analysis), but also reduces the resultant waste to the environment. |
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| Keywords: | biocryogel biosorbent solid phase extraction Benzo(a)pyrene graphene oxide nanoparticle |
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