Numerical simulation of natural convection of latent heat phase-change-material microcapsulate slurry packed in a horizontal rectangular enclosure heated from below and cooled from above

A two-dimensional numerical simulation of natural convection in a rectangular enclosure heated from below and cooled from above has been conducted with non-Newtonian phase-change-material (PCM) microcapsulate slurry with latent heat capacities. The formulation of the mathematical model in dimensionless co-ordinates and discretization of the governing equations have been done using the finite volume method. Both natural convection and heat transfer characteristics are discussed about natural convection with PCM microcapsulate slurry, which exhibits the pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid behavior and a peak value in the specific heat capacity with latent heat. The viscosity of the present PCM microcapsulate slurry is assumed to follow the Ostwald-de Waele power law fluid model with the power-law index n and the consistency coefficient K. The effects of phase-change material, the mass concentration, and the aspect ratio Ar on the natural convection heat transfer are described, respectively. By comparing with the results of microcapsule slurry without phase change, the enhancement in heat transfer is found in microcapsule slurry with phase change during the phase change temperature range. Numerical simulations are performed in the following parametric ranges: the width–height aspect ratio of the enclosure Ar from 2 to 20, the mass concentrations C _m of the slurry from 10 to 40%, power law index n of the slurry from 0.89 to 1.0 and Rayleigh numbers Ra ranges from 10³ to 10⁷.