p-Substituted Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amines as Ligands for Highly Active ATRP Catalysts: Facile Synthesis and Characterization |
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Authors: | Dr Alan E Enciso Dr Francesca Lorandi Arshad Mehmood Dr Marco Fantin Dr Grzegorz Szczepaniak Prof?Dr Benjamin G Janesko Prof?Dr Krzysztof Matyjaszewski |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 South University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76129 USA |
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Abstract: | A facile and efficient two-step synthesis of p-substituted tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligands to form Cu complexes with the highest activity to date in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is presented. In the divergent synthesis, p-Cl substituents in tris(4-chloro-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA3Cl) were replaced in one step and high yield by electron-donating cyclic amines (pyrrolidine (TPMAPYR), piperidine (TPMAPIP), and morpholine (TPMAMOR)) by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The CuII(TPMANR2)Br]+ complexes exhibited larger energy gaps between frontier molecular orbitals and >0.2 V more negative reduction potentials than CuII(TPMA)Br]+, indicating >3 orders of magnitude higher ATRP activity. CuI(TPMAPYR)]+ exhibited the highest reported activity for Br-capped acrylate chain ends in DMF, and moderate activity toward C?F bonds at room temperature. ATRP of n-butyl acrylate using only 10–25 part per million loadings of CuII(TPMANR2)Br]+ exhibited excellent control. |
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Keywords: | amine ligands ATRP catalysis copper polymer synthesis |
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