The external frame function in the control of pitch, register, and singing mode: Radiographic observations of a female singer |
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| Authors: | Aatto Sonninen Pertti Hurme Anne-Maria Laukkanen |
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| Institution: | 1. Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;2. Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy — University Hospital, Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160 Bad Zwischenahn, Germany;3. Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, Schafmattstrasse 1, 4915 St. Urban, Switzerland;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Germany;2. Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Germany;3. Institute of Pathology, University of Tuebingen, Germany;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Germany;1. Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC;2. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates pitch control, register, and singing mode related movements of the laryngo-pharyngeal structures by radiographic methods. One trained female singer served as the subject. The results show that singing voice production involves complex movements in the laryngeal structures. Pitch related increase in the thyro-arytenoid distance (vocal fold length) is nonlinear, slowing down as pitch rises. Similar observations have been made earlier. At the highest pitches, a shortening of the distance can be seen, suggesting the use of alternative pitch control mechanisms. The various observations made support the existence of three registers in this trained female singing voice. Open and covered modes of singing seemed to be distinguishable on the basis of different amounts of inner and outer forces acting on the larynx. Therefore, caution must be exercised when generalizing from the results. |
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| Keywords: | Radiography Mode of singing Pitch control Registers |
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