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Development and validation of a sensitive and selective method using GC/MS-MS for quantification of 5-fluorouracil in hospital wastewater
Authors:Jean-Ulrich Mullot   Sara Karolak   Anne Fontova   Bruno Huart  Yves Levi
Affiliation:(1) Laboratoire Santé Publique-Environnement, Université Paris Sud 11-Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France;(2) Service de Toxicologie Environnementale et de Chimie Analytique, Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées, BP 71, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
Abstract:Pollution of the environment by pharmaceuticals is a subject of growing scientific and societal concern. However, few quantitative data have been reported concerning hospital wastewater contamination. Among the different molecules used at hospital, antineoplastic drugs appear to be of special interest, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can be considered as a key compound of this therapeutic class. To monitor this pharmaceutical in hospital wastewater, a highly specific and selective method was developed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. This sensitive method (limit of quantification = 40 ng L−1) was then applied to assess sewage contamination of a middle-size hospital with oncology service located in Paris, France. Native 5-FU was detectable in 12 of the 14 analysed samples. In positive samples, concentration range was measured from 0.09 to 4.0 μg L−1. Finally, a predicting model for the hospital wastewater concentrations is presented, and results of this model are discussed.
Keywords:5-Fluorouracil  Hospital  Wastewater  Predicted concentrations  GC/MS/MS
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