Temporal development of open-circuit bright photovoltaic solitons

This paper investigates the temporal behaviour of open-circuit brightphotovoltaic spatial solitons by using numerical techniques. It showsthat when the intensity ratio of the soliton, the ratio between thesoliton peak intensity and the dark irradiance, is small, thequasi-steady-state soliton width decreases monotonically with theincrease of $tau $, where $tau $ is the parameter correlated withthe time, that when the intensity ratio of the soliton is big, thequasi-steady-state soliton width decreases with the increase of $tau$ and then increases with $tau $, and that the formation time of thesteady-state solitons is not correlated with the intensity ratio ofthe soliton. It finds that the local nonlinear effect increases withthe photovoltaic field, which behaves as that the width of solitonbeams is small and the self-focusing quasi-period is short. On theother hand, we also discuss that both the time and the temperaturehave an effect on the beam bending.