重金属铊在环境介质中的分布及其迁移行为

铊是剧毒重金属元素，它在自然界中是典型的稀有分散金属。环境介质中铊的自然本底值较低，但随着铊矿床的开发和铊资源的广泛应用，岩矿石中的铊在自然力或人为作用下向环境介质中迁移。综述了铊在岩（矿）石、土壤、水体、动植物和人体中的分布，以及在上述环境介质及大气中的迁移行为。研究表明，人类活动是导致环境介质中铊含量增加的主要原因。铊在环境介质中的迁移是反复循环的复杂过程，通过风化、溶解、淋滤、吸收、沉降、固结等方式在环境介质中循环往复，从而危害环境生态和人体健康。铊污染应引起人们的普遍重视。

Distribution of Heavy Metal Thallium in Environmental Medium and Its Transfer Behavior

Thallium is a heavy metal element highly toxic, and is a typical rare scattered metal in nature. Thallium has lower natural background value in environment. With exploiting and widespread use of thallium, thallium remove from rock and ore to air, soil, water, flora and fauna, human body by means of natural force and manpower, transforming and accumulate in environment. A review with 34 references is given on the distribution of thallium in environmental medium and its transfer behavior. Study indicate human activity is a primary cause that lead to thallium increase in environmental medium. Thallium move in circles all kinds of environmental medium by means of weathering, dissolve, leaching, absorb, subside, solidify and harm human and flora and fauna. So, thallium pollution should be pay attention to by people.