干废弃啤酒酵母菌对铅离子的吸附及FTIR分析

以啤酒厂废弃啤酒酵母菌为原料，利用原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电子显微镜/X射线能谱仪(SEM/EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等手段，研究其对Pb2+的生物吸附规律，并对吸附机理进行了探讨。结果发现实验条件下，啤酒酵母菌对Pb2+的吸附是一个快速过程，实验进行30 min时酵母菌的吸附量为47.6 mg·g-1,吸附效率已达到91.6％，90 min时基本达到吸附平衡，此时酵母菌实验吸附量为48.8 mg·g-1,吸附效率接近94.0％以上。SEM分析发现吸附Pb2+后部分酵母菌出现细胞壁破裂和脱离现象，且认为胞内的溶出物质为酵母菌对Pb2+后期吸附有一定贡献。EDS分析进一步证明Pb2+被吸附到酵母菌细胞上。FTIR分析发现，不同pH和吸附时间红外光谱图均有所差异，特别是羟基、羧基及酰胺的氨基等基团变化显著，认为细胞上的多糖、蛋白质酰胺更多地参与了对Pb2+的化学吸附过程。利用啤酒厂废弃啤酒酵母菌菌体为原料处理工业污水中的Pb2+是一种价格低廉，吸附效果理想的有效途径。

Biosorption of Lead Ions on Dried Waste Beer Yeast and the Analysis by FTIR

The biosorption of lead ions on dried waste beer yeast was investigated with respect to the adsorption conditions and the biosorption mechanism was analyzed with the instruments of AAS, SEM/EDS and FTIR. The results show that the metal uptake value obtained was 47.6 mg·g-1 and the adsorptive efficiency was above 90%. Under our experiment conditions, the biosorption of Pb2+ on dried waste beer yeast is a fast process. The biosroption quantity of Pb2+ on beer yeast cells was 47.6 mg·g-1 and the adsorption efficiency obtained was 91.6％in fisrt 30 min, then the metal uptake value obtained was 48.8 mg·g-1 and the adsorptive efficiency was above 94% at 90 min. The cells cracking and breaking off were seen after the biosorption of lead ions on beer yeast through SEM analysis, and the cytoplasts from yeast cell should be responsible for the last period biosorption of lead ions. EDS analysis also proved that lead ions were absorbed on the yeast cells. FTIR analysis showed that the infrared spectrograms are different at different pH and biosorption time, especially hydroxyl groups, carboxylate groups and amide groups have obviously changed. Amylase and amide of protein were considered as main components to participate the chemical absorption of lead ions on yeast cells. Consequently, dried waste beer yeast is an inexpensive, readily available adsorbent for metals and especially has a high adsorption capacity for lead ions.