The role of virtual photons in nanoscale photonics |
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Authors: | David L Andrews David S Bradshaw |
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Institution: | School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | The fundamental theory of processes and properties associated with nanoscale photonics should properly account for the quantum nature of both the matter and the radiation field. A familiar example is the Casimir force, whose significant role in nanoelectromechanical systems is widely recognised; the correct representation invokes the creation of short‐lived virtual photons from the vacuum. In fact, there is an extensive range of nanophotonic interactions in which virtual photon exchange plays a vital role, mediating the coupling between particles. This review surveys recent theory and applications, also exhibiting novel insights into key electrodynamic mechanisms. Examples are numerous and include: laser‐induced inter‐particle forces known as optical binding; non‐parametric frequency‐conversion processes especially in rare‐earth doped materials; light‐harvesting polymer materials that involve electronic energy transfer between their constituent chromophores. An assessment of these and the latest prospective applications concludes with a view on future directions of research. |
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Keywords: | Casimir force NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems) QED (quantum electrodynamics) optical binding NLO (nonlinear optics) up‐conversion RET (resonance energy transfer) energy harvesting |
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