Characteristics of R-123 two-phase flow through micro-scale short tube orifice for design of a small cooling system

We present a new discharge coefficient correction method for the orifice equation for R-123 two-phase flows. In this method, an evaporator is mounted after the orifice as a vapor refrigeration cycle, and the evaporator is used to measure the quality of downstream flow through the orifice. Quality is estimated from the measured temperature and pressure of the evaporator inlet and outlet, respectively, instead of by direct measurement of quality. The condition of upstream flow of the orifice is the liquid state at 3 bar and 60 °C. The liquid flow is changed to two-phase flow after passing through the orifice. Orifice diameters of 300, 350, 400, and 450 μm are used for the experiment, and the results are analyzed. Experiments are conducted for various conditions of flow rate between 20 and 70 ml/min and for cooling loads of 60, 80, and 100 W. The results show that the quality of flow downstream from the orifice can be calculated using the enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet of the evaporator. An equation to determine the discharge coefficient is formulated as a function of quality. We expect that these results can be used to help design a small cooling system.