Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Glucose–Urea–Salt Systems |
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Authors: | Masoud Sadeghi Christoph Held Cyrus Ghotbi Mohammad Jafar Abdekhodaie Gabriele Sadowski |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universit?t Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany 2. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
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Abstract: | In this work, the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous solutions containing the solutes NaCl, glucose, and/or urea is investigated. These substances are vital components for living bodies and further they are main components of blood serum. Osmotic coefficients were determined by cryoscopic measurements in single-solute and multi-solute aqueous solutions containing salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2), glucose, and/or urea. The results show that NaCl determines the osmotic coefficients in the urea/glucose/NaCl/water system. Investigation of the effect of different salts on osmotic coefficients revealed ion-specific effects. At physiologically important solute concentrations in typical blood serum solutions, the osmotic coefficients were found to be in the range of 0.90–0.93. In a second step, the state of water in different glucose/salt/water and urea/salt/water systems was investigated. Depending on the kind of salt, the chemical potential of water in urea/salt/water is either higher or lower than in glucose/salt/water systems at equal nonelectrolyte concentrations. This result was found to be independent of the salt molality. Finally, the investigated systems were modeled with the Pitzer model and the ePC-SAFT equation of state, which allowed predicting of the properties of these multi-solute aqueous solutions. |
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