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Pinnatoxin H: a new pinnatoxin analogue from a South China Sea Vulcanodinium rugosum isolate |
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| Authors: | Andrew I. Selwood Alistair L. Wilkins Rex Munday Haifeng Gu Kirsty F. Smith Lesley L. Rhodes Frode Rise |
| Affiliation: | 1. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand;2. Chemistry Department, University of Waikato, Private Bag 2105, Hamilton, New Zealand;3. AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand;4. Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China;5. University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway |
| Abstract: | Pinnatoxin H was isolated from a culture of the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum isolated from the South China Sea. The structure of pinnatoxin H was elucidated by LC–MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. It was found to have the same macrocyclic structure and substituents as pinnatoxins D, E and F, but the side chain on the cyclohexenyl ring was an ethenyl group, as found in pinnatoxin G and portimine. The observation that this strain of V. rugosum produced only pinnatoxin H and portimine is consistent with previous findings that the profile of pinnatoxins can vary significantly among strains. The acute toxicity of pinnatoxin H to mice was 67 μg/kg (intraperitoneal) and 163 μg/kg (gavage). |
| Keywords: | Pinnatoxin Portimine Vulcanodinium Cyclic imine Algal toxin |
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