活性材料冲击释能行为研究进展

活性材料是一种具备释能特性的新型材料，其在冲击导致的高压/高温作用下可以发生化学反应，释放大量的化学能，因此在破片、聚能破甲战斗部等军事领域有广泛的应用潜力。为了实现对活性材料释能过程的设计与控制，推进活性材料武器化应用进程，就必须解答活性材料冲击释能行为中所包含的一系列复杂的力-热-化耦合问题。近40年来，对活性材料的冲击释能行为已开展了大量研究，本文在此基础上系统梳理了活性材料的冲击诱发化学反应机理、动力学以及相关效应的研究现状，重点关注活性材料的冲击释能实验表征技术、冲击诱发化学反应理论模型以及考虑力-热-化耦合的冲击压缩数值模拟方法等3方面的研究进展。总结认为，对活性材料冲击释能行为的研究已经具有一定的积淀，但目前对实验中超快化学反应行为的实时诊断研究还缺乏更加丰富、精细、直观的表征与探索，相关理论与数值模拟研究尚未建立能够完整描述活性材料冲击释能行为的力-热-化理论模型，缺乏能够从宏观尺度描述冲击释能行为的有效方法。因此，超快化学反应实验表征技术、宏观角度的力-热-化机理与模型建立及其数值模拟应用以及具备可调性能的活性材料制备新工艺3方面研究内容将是推进活性材料未来军事化应用的重点关注对象。

Shock-induced energy release behaviors of reactive materials

Reactive material is a new type of material with energy-releasing characteristics. It can react chemically and release a large amount of chemical energy under the high pressure and high temperature caused by the impact. Therefore, it has a wide range of potential applications in military fields such as fragments and energy-splitting warheads. In order to realize the design and control of the energy release process of reactive material and promote its weaponized application process, it is necessary to solve a series of complicated mechanical-thermal-chemical coupling problems in the impact-induced energy release behaviors of reactive materials. In the past 40 years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research on the impact-induced energy release behavior of reactive materials. Based on this, this paper systematically combs the research status of the impact-induced chemical reaction mechanism, kinetics and related effects of reactive materials, focusing on the research progress in three aspects: the experimental characterization technology of impact-induced energy release of materials, the theoretical model of impact-induced chemical reaction and the numerical simulation method of shock compression considering the mechanical-thermal-chemical coupling effects. Finally, the summaries are carried out and the future research work, challenges and suggestions are proposed. It is concluded that domestic and foreign scholars have accumulated a certain amount of research on the energy release behaviors of reactive materials, but there is still a lack of richer, finer and intuitive characterization and exploration for the real-time diagnosis of ultra-fast chemical reaction behavior in experiments. However, for the related theoretical and numerical simulation studies, the mechanical thermal chemical theoretical model which can fully describe the impact energy release behavior of active materials has not been established, and there is no effective method to describe the impact energy release behaviors from the macro scale. Therefore, the three aspects of research content, ultra-fast chemical reaction experimental characterization technology, macro-level mechanical-thermal-chemical mechanism and model establishment and its numerical simulation application, and preparation of reactive materials with adjustable properties, will be the focus of attention in promoting the future military application of reactive materials.