Separator technologies for lithium-ion batteries |
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Authors: | Xiaosong Huang |
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Institution: | (1) Chemical Sciences and Materials Systems Lab, General Motors Global R&D, 30500 Mound Rd., Warren, MI 48090, USA |
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Abstract: | Although separators do not participate in the electrochemical reactions in a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, they perform the
critical functions of physically separating the positive and negative electrodes while permitting the free flow of lithium
ions through the liquid electrolyte that fill in their open porous structure. Separators for liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries
can be classified into porous polymeric membranes, nonwoven mats, and composite separators. Porous membranes are most commonly
used due to their relatively low processing cost and good mechanical properties. Although not widely used in Li-ion batteries,
nonwoven mats have the potential for low cost and thermally stable separators. Recent composite separators have attracted
much attention, however, as they offer excellent thermal stability and wettability by the nonaqueous electrolyte. The present
paper (1) presents an overview of separator characterization techniques, (2) reviews existing technologies for producing different
types of separators, and (3) discusses directions for future investigation. Research into separator fabrication techniques
and chemical modifications, coupled with the numerical modeling, should lead to further improvements in the performance and
abuse tolerance as well as cost reduction of Li-ion batteries. |
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