Structural properties and diffusion processes of the Cu3Au (0 0 1) surface

The surface relaxation and surface energy of both the mixed AuCu and pure Cu terminated Cu₃Au (0 0 1) surfaces are simulated and calculated by using the modified analytical embedded-atom method. We find that the mixed AuCu termination is energetically preferred over the pure Cu termination thereby the mono-vacancy diffusion is also investigated in the topmost few layers of the mixed AuCu terminated Cu₃Au (0 0 1) surface. In the mixed AuCu terminated surface the relaxed Au atoms are raised above Cu atoms for 0.13 Å in the topmost layer. All the surface atoms displace outwards, this effect occurs in the first three layers and changes the first two inter-layer spacing. For mono-vacancy migration in the first layer, the migration energies of Au and Cu mono-vacancy via two-type in-plane displace: the nearest neighbor jump (NNJ) and the second nearest neighbor jump (2NNJ), are calculated and the results show that the NNJ requires a much lower energy than 2NNJ. For the evolution of the energy requirements for successive nearest neighbor jumps (SNNJ) along three different paths: circularity, zigzag and beeline, we find that the circularity path is preferred over the other two paths due to its minimum energy barriers and final energies. In the second layer, the NN jumps in intra- and inter-layer of the Cu mono-vacancy are investigated. The calculated energy barriers and final energies show that the vacancy prefer jump up to a proximate Cu site. This replacement between the Cu vacancy in the second layer and Cu atom in the first layer is remunerative for the Au atoms enrichment in the topmost layer.