老山汉墓土遗址盐分调查与分布规律探索

老山汉墓土遗址中可溶-微溶盐导致遗址表面酥碱、起甲、泛白和块状脱落等病害较为严重.利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及离子色谱(IC)等方法测定了老山汉墓遗址不同取样位置及距遗址表面不同深度处可溶盐的成分及含量,并分析了盐分对遗址破坏的可能机制.结果表明,该遗址的主要有可溶盐有Na2SO4、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na Cl、Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O,微溶盐有Ca SO4、Ca SO4·2H2O,此外还含有少量的Ca Cl2、KNO3、KCl、Mg Cl2、K2SO4、Mg SO4等盐分.随着取样深度增加,各盐分的种类及含量有所减少,此分布规律可能与可溶盐的赋存环境及水分运移有关.试验结果对于老山汉墓土遗址的保护措施具有一定的参考价值.

Survey and Exploration of Salts Species and Distribution in Laoshan Han Tomb Earthen Sites

Soluble and slightly soluble salts resulted in the efflorescence, flaking, whitening and block off and other serious diseases of earthen site surface in Laoshan Han Tomb Site. In this study, the components and contents of soluble salts at different positions were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion chromatography (IC) methods, qualitatively and quantitatively. And the possible mechanism of the damage of salt to the soil structure of the site was proposed. The results showed that the main components of the soluble salts were Na₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, NaCl, Na₁₂Mg₇(SO₄)₁₃·15H₂O, and the slightly soluble salt were CaSO₄ and CaSO₄·2H₂O. In addition, a small amount of CaCl₂, KNO₃, KCl, MgCl₂, K₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ existed in soil samples. With the increase of the sampling depth, various kinds of salt contents and types gradually decrease. The results indicated that the distribution of salts was closely related to the water movement and the existed environment. The obtained results provide useful information for the conservation of earthen sites.