以胶体粒子为模板制备核壳纳米复合粒子

核壳纳米复合粒子具有许多不同于单组分胶体粒子的独特的光、电、磁、催化等物理与化学性质,是构筑新型功能复合材料的重要组元,在光子带隙材料、微波吸收材料、电磁流变液、催化剂和生物等领域有重要应用.本文从控制核壳复合粒子的微观结构及壳层均匀性与厚度的角度,详细评述了目前以胶体粒子为模板制备粒径从纳米到微米尺度的核壳复合粒子的方法.指出利用胶体粒子模板表面与壳层物质或其前驱物间的特殊相互作用(包括静电和化学相互作用),是完善现有制备方法和发展新方法来制备具有设定组成、结构和性能的核壳复合粒子的关键,同时也是将来的粒子表面纳米工程和获取有序的、先进纳米复合材料的主要方向。

Preparation of Well-Defined Core-Shell Nanocomposite Particles Based on Colloidal Templates

Core-shell nanocomposite particles, as attractive building blocks of advanced functional materials, have important applications in such areas as photonic band gap materials, microwave absorbing materials, electrorheological (or magnetorhelogical) fluids, catalysis and biology, etc. Because of their unique optic, electric, magnetic, catalytic and micromechanical properties, which are substantially different from those of mono-component particles. In this paper, the general strategies to fabricate uniform core-shell particles with the diameter from nanometer to micrometer using colloidal particles as templates are reviewed in detail in terms of structure controllability of core-shell particles such as the thickness and uniformity of the shell. As a consequence, in order to prepare core-shell particles with well-defined composition, morphology and properties, furthermore to obtain ordered advanced nanocomposite materials, the future research in nanoengineering of particle surfaces should focus on both optimization of the existing approaches and the development of new methods, make full use of the specific chemical and/or electrostatic interaction between colloidal templates and shell substance or its precursors.