Flow angle from intermediate mass fragment measurements |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, IN2P3-CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France;2. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany;3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy;4. Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France;5. Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania;6. Ruðer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;7. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia;8. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany;9. Research Institute for Particles and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary;10. Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland;11. Russian Research Institute “Kurchatov”, Moscow, Russia;12. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;13. Korea University, Seoul, Korea;1. National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Physics Department, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA;1. School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;3. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. School of Physics, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China |
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| Abstract: | Directed sideward flow of light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments was measured in different symmetric reactions at bombarding energies from 90 to 800 A MeV. The flow parameter is found to increase with the charge of the detected fragment up to Z = 3–4 and then turns into saturation for heavier fragments. Guided by simple simulations of an anisotropic expanding thermal source, we show that the value at saturation can provide a good estimate of the flow angle, Θflow, in the participant region. It is found that Θflow depends strongly on the impact parameter. The excitation function of Θfolw reveals striking deviations from the ideal hydrodynamical scaling. The data exhibit a steep rise of Θflow to a maximum at around 250 – 400 A MeV, followed by a moderate decrease as the bombarding energy increases further. |
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