Membrane formation by water vapor induced phase inversion |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650South Korea;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, ShinrimdongKwanakku, SeoulSouth Korea;1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan;2. Energy and Opto-Electronic Materials Research Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan;3. School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, GR 15780 Athens, Greece;1. Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Research Center, ECUST, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China;3. Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 227, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. ProcESS - Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;1. Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), National Research Council, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;2. IPM s.r.l., Via Madre Teresa 22, 20851 Lissone, MB, Italy;3. Solvay Specialty Polymers, Viale Lombardia 20, 20021 Bollate, MI, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The membrane formation by the phase inversion process was studied by coagulating a polysulfone/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution with water vapor as a coagulant. The phase separation occurred when the relative humidity in the membrane casting atmosphere was higher than about 65%. The pore size was strongly affected by the relative humidity as well as the concentration of the polymer solution. It increased as both the relative humidity and the polymer concentration were decreased. The membranes produced showed a uniform structure composed of closed pores. The pure water flux measurement confirmed the closeness of the pores. The information on the late stage phase separation was obtained in situ by an optical microscope due to the slow phase separation. The pores seemed to grow very much at the late stage by coarsening which was observed to occur mainly by coalescence of polymer-lean droplets. As the relative humidity was lower, the coarsening continues longer ending up to a larger droplet size. The coarsening seems to enhance the interconnectivity of pores when the polymer concentration was low enough. |
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