适配体在癌症诊断与靶向治疗中的研究进展

核酸适配体是利用体外筛选技术,即指数富集的配体系统进化技术(SELEX),从核酸分子文库中得到的寡核苷酸片段。其与靶标物有很高的特异性和亲和力,将适配体作为识别单元的生物传感研究以及适配体偶联成像试剂的生物体内外成像研究在临床诊断中有很大的应用前景,此外,适配体靶向癌细胞或组织的治疗方法相比传统化学治疗副作用更小,在临床上也有极大的应用前景。本文综述了适配体目前在癌症诊断和靶向治疗两个方面的研究进展,并分析现阶段存在的问题以及面临的挑战。

Research Progress of Aptamers in Cancer Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy

Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotide fragments obtained from nucleic acid molecule libraries using in vitro screening technology,namely exponentially enriched ligand system evolution technology (SELEX). They have high specificities and affinities to the targets. The biosensing research using the aptamer as the recognition unit and the in vivo and in vitro imaging research of the aptamer coupling imaging reagents have great application prospects in clinical diagnosis. In addition, aptamers targeting cancer cells or tissues have fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapeutics, and they also have great application prospects in the clinic. This article reviews the current research progress of aptamers in cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy, and analyzes the current problems and challenges.