Effect of travel speed and vertical load on the subsoil force and displacement under a smooth steel roller

A smooth steel roller was tested in an indoor soil bin. Subsoil forces and displacements were measured at depths of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm. Roller operating conditions included roller travel speed, the vertical load, and number of passes. Three travel speeds, 1, 3, and 5 km h^?1 and three vertical loads 20, 40, and 60 kN were tested. The draft needed to move the roller was also recorded. For multiple passes, subsoil forces were increased by 30% if vertical load increased by 50%; while the roller draft increased by 20%. For a single pass, no significant differences detected between the subsoil forces at speeds of 1 and 3 km h^?1; when the roller traveled at 5 km h^?1 with a vertical load of 60 kN, the subsoil force was approximately reduced by 30% compared to those at lower travel speeds. For both single and multiple passes, increasing travel speed did not significantly increase subsoil forces and displacement below 150-mm depth; however, the power required to drive the roller was significantly increased. Higher travel speed was more effective in creating larger subsoil displacement and subsoil forces within 100-mm from the soil surface. For similar effects below 100-mm, lower travel speed was found appropriate.