Oxidation of triethylamine by molecular oxygen catalyzed by Ru(III)-ion |
| |
Authors: | M M Taqui Khan Shaukat A Mirza and H C Bajaj |
| |
Institution: | (1) Discipline of Coordination Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, 364 002 Bhavnagar, India |
| |
Abstract: | The kinetics of Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of triethylamine by molecular oxygen has been investigated in the pH range 1.5 to 2.5 at 35°C and I=0.1 M KCl. The reaction is first order with respect to substrate, catalyst and molecular oxygen concentrations. The rate of the reaction increases with the increase of pH from 1.5 to 2.5 and then there is a slight decrease in the rate above pH 2.5. Based on the kinetic data, a mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of triethylamine is proposed. The major products in the oxidation of triethylamine are the N-oxide, diethylamine and acetaldehyde.
![Kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1050.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1101.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1103.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1099.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1079.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1075.gif) Ru(III), ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) pH=1,5+2,5 ![pcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) 35°C I=0,1M KCl. ![Rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1056.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tscy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![pcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![yacy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1103.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tscy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![yacy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1103.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![bcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1073.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) , ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1103.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1075.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) . ![Scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1057.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tscy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) pH ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) 1,5 ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) 2,5, ![zcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1075.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![softcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1100.gif) ![shcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1096.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) pH ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1099.gif) ![shcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1096.gif) 2,5. ![Pcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1055.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![khcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1093.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1079.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) , ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1099.gif) . ![Ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![pcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1079.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1085.gif) ![yacy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1103.gif) ![vcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1103.gif) ![yucy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1102.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) N-![ocy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1089.gif) , ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1101.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1100.gif) ![dcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1075.gif) ![icy](/content/l0u64285l0286604/xxlarge1080.gif) .
|
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|