a School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, 066004, People's Republic of China
b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
Abstract:
A general and accurate finite element model for helical springs subject to axial loads (extension or/and torsion) is developed in this paper. Due to the establishment of precise boundary conditions, only a slice of the wire cross-section needs to be modelled; hence, more accurate results can be achieved. An example application to a circular cross-sectional spring is analysed in detail.