基于化学计量学结合ICP-MS的党参道地性的研究及安全评价

微量元素与中药的功效和安全性密切相关，也是药材道地性研究的一部分，为探讨党参中重金属元素的安全性、风险性及道地性的相关性。本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）及原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定来源于甘肃、山西、湖北、四川等产区的39批党参药材中的20种元素的含量，结果结合化学计量学分析对党参产区进行差异判别。通过单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其进行安全性评价，通过健康风险基于暴露量、危害指数法和暴露限值法对其进行风险评估。结果表明，重金属在各自范围内线性关系良好，加样回收率，仪器精密度和重复性良好，其中 Ba、Sr、Mn的含量最高。主成分分析显示39批药材分为三类，同一产区的党参能较好的聚在一起，元素含量差异与产区分布有一定规律，其中Cs、Ga、As、Co、Li、Pb、Hg、Se、V、Mn为关键的差异标志物，为产地元素特征分析鉴别提供依据。安全评价结果为39批党参药材污染等级为安全，但风险评估后DS-31、DS-32、DS-34、DS-36及 DS-37在人体长期蓄积中具有健康风险。结论：本研究方法高效、准确、简便，结合化学计量学可以对党参进行有效的产地判别，评价党参中元素的安全性及风险性，为党参道地性及健康评价提供了科学依据。

Study on geoherbalism and health evaluation of Codonopsis Radix based on chemometrics combined with ICP-MS

Trace elements are closely related to the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine, and are also part of the study of the authenticity of medicinal materials. In order to explore the correlation between the safety, risk and authenticity of heavy metal elements in Codonopsis pilosula. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS ) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry ( AFS ) were used to determine the contents of 20 elements in 39 batches of Codonopsis Radix from Gansu, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other producing areas. The safety evaluation was carried out by single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, and the risk assessment was carried out by health risk based on exposure, hazard index method and exposure limit method. The results showed that the linear relationship of heavy metals in their respective ranges was good, the recovery rate, the precision and repeatability of the instrument were good, and the contents of Ba, Sr and Mn were the highest. Principal component analysis showed that 39 batches of medicinal materials were divided into three categories. Codonopsis in the same producing area could be better clustered together. There were certain rules between the difference of element content and the distribution of producing areas. Among them, Cs, Ga, As, Co, Li, Pb, Hg, Se, V and Mn were the key differential markers, which provided the basis for the analysis and identification of element characteristics in the producing area. The safety evaluation results showed that 39 batches of Codonopsis Radix were polluted.