Determination of pyrethroid metabolites in human urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
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| Authors: | K -H Kühn G Leng K A Bucholski L Dunemann H Idel |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;(2) Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at the University of Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Summary An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the pyrethroid metabolites cis and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, cis 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid in human urine samples is described. The urine is subjected to acid-induced hydrolysis followed by exhaustive solvent extraction, covering both conjugated and free acids, followed by a common derivatisation step yielding the corresponding methyl esters. Quantitation was by diastereomeric, capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It appears that 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid is a characteristic urinary marker for cyfluthrin exposure. The limits of determination are 0.5–1.0  g L–1 urine depending on the metabolites concerned. The applicability of the method was tested on urine samples from pest control operators exposed occupationally to cypermethrin and cyfluthrin. |
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| Keywords: | Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Pyrethroid metabolites in urine Urinary marker 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid Cypermethrin and cyfluthrin |
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