Thermally stimulated luminescence of CaS : Bi : Pd phosphors

CaS phosphors co-activated with Bi⁺³ and Pd⁺² impurities in varying concentrations have been prepared and their thermoluminescence has been systematically studied. The general features of the curves are discussed and the activation energies have been estimated in three different ways. The escape frequency factor is determined using the theoretical model of Randall and Wilkins. Conclusions are drawn regarding the type of kinetics involved in the thermoluminescence process.