Consolidated Conversion of Hulled Barley into Fermentable Sugars Using Chemical,Thermal, and Enzymatic (CTE) Treatment |
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Authors: | Tae Hyun Kim Nhuan P Nghiem Frank Taylor Kevin B Hicks |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 3101 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011, USA;(2) Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, 3101 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011, USA;(3) Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA |
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Abstract: | A novel process using chemical, thermal, and enzymatic treatment for conversion of hulled barley into fermentable sugars was
developed. The purpose of this process is to convert both lignocellulosic polysaccharides and starch in hulled barley grains
into fermentable sugars simultaneously without a need for grinding and hull separation. In this study, hulled barley grains
were treated with 0.1 and 1.0 wt.-% sulfuric acid at various temperatures ranging from 110 to 170 °C in a 63-ml flow-through
packed-bed stainless steel reactor. After sulfuric acid pretreatment, simultaneous conversion of lignocellulose and starch
in the barley grains into fermentable sugars was performed using an enzyme cocktail, which included α-amylase, glucoamylase,
cellulase, and β-glucosidase. Both starch and non-starch polysaccharides in the pre-treated barley grains were readily converted
to fermentable sugars. The treated hulled barley grains, including their hull, were completely hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars
with recovery of almost 100% of the available glucose and xylose. The pretreatment conditions of this chemical, thermal, and
enzymatic (CTE) process for achieving maximum yield of fermentable sugars were 1.0 wt.% sulfuric acid and 110 °C. In addition
to starch, the acid pretreatment also retained most of the available proteins in solid form, which is essential for subsequent
production of fuel ethanol and high protein distiller’s dried grains with solubles co-product. |
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