燃料电池技术发展现状与展望

燃料电池是一种高效、清洁的电化学发电装置，近年来得到国内外普遍重视.本文详细阐述了燃料电池的近期研究进展与未来面临的挑战及发展方向。燃料电池在宇宙飞船、航天飞机、潜艇动力源已经得到应用；在汽车、电站及便携式电源等民用领域展现了成功的示范，但低成本、长寿命仍然是商业化面临的瓶颈问题.未来我国应大力推进燃料电池在水下潜器、航天飞行器等特殊领域的应用，解决高可靠性与安全性及环境适应性等关键问题；同时，在民用领域要实现燃料电池寿命与成本兼顾，从材料、部件及系统等3个层次深入技术改进与创新，尽快推进燃料电池的商业化.

Progress and Perspective of Fuel Cell Technology

Fuel cell,a clean and high-efficiency electrochemical power source,has being paid much attention worldwide recent years.In this paper,the progress and perspective of fuel cell technology are elucidated in detail.Fuel cells have been applied in some special fields such as spacecraft,shuttle and submarines.However,in the areas of transportation,stationary station and portable power source,fuel cells are still under demonstration due to the durability and cost problems.The reliability and surrounding survivability of fuel cells should be enhanced in the special application.Meanwhile,the durability and cost of fuel cells are the main issues to be solved in the civil application.Fuel cell technologies need to be improved from three aspect innovations of key materials,components and system in order to realize fuel cell commercialization.