Computational strategies for a four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham program: implementation and first applications

An implementation of the generalized gradient approximation within the four-component formulation of relativistic density-functional theory using G-spinor basis sets is presented. This approach is based on the direct evaluation of the relativistic density and its gradient from the G-spinor amplitudes and gradients without explicit reference to the total density matrix. This proves to be a particularly efficient scheme, with an intrinsic computational cost that scales linearly with the number of G-spinor basis functions. In order to validate this new implementation, incorporated in the parallel version of the program BERTHA, a detailed study of the diatomic system CsAu is also reported. The spectroscopic constants D(e),r(e),omega(e), and x(e)omega(e) and the dipole moment mu have been calculated and compared with the best available theoretical and experimental data. The sensitivity of our results to the details of the numerical schemes used to evaluate the matrix elements is analyzed in detail. Also presented is a comparative study of molecular properties in the alkali auride series which have been obtained using several standard non-relativistic density functionals.