Aquatic passive sampling of a short-term thiacloprid pulse with the Chemcatcher: impact of biofouling and use of a diffusion-limiting membrane on the sampling rate |
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Authors: | Schäfer Ralf Bernhard Paschke Albrecht Liess Matthias |
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Institution: | Department of System Ecotoxicology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. senator@ecotoxicology.de |
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Abstract: | We examined the performance of the Chemcatcher (University Portsmouth, UK) in two different configurations when used for the aquatic passive sampling of a 1-day pulse contamination with thiacloprid under field-relevant conditions. The configuration without diffusion-limiting membrane led to biofouling of the Empore disk receiving phase resulting in a fourfold reduction in analyte uptake compared to unfouled passive samplers. The sampling rate for the configuration with diffusion-limiting polyethersulfone membrane was also much lower than in a long-term exposure scenario, although no biofouling occurred. Both configurations of the Chemcatcher exhibited high variation in analyte uptake with up to 100% RSD. Short-term contamination events may be underestimated in passive sampling when the receiving phase is biofouled or a diffusion-limiting membrane is employed. |
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