Grundlagen der Thermodynamik eines Systems mit verschiedener Bahn- und Spintemperatur. I

The orbital and spin energy of aFermi orBose gas with different orbital and spin temperature depend onboth temperatures. This new thermodynamic behaviour demands a new formulation of the foundations of thermodynamics for such systems. In the present paper the fundamental thermodynamic notions (variables of state, work, adiabatic processes) are formulated and the definition of an empirical orbital and spin temperature is given. The first law of thermodynamics, the definition of orbital and spin heat, and resulting conditions of integrability are discussed. There are four heat capacities (instead of the one for normal systems), the relations of which are stated.