基于多技术联用鉴别含镍物料固体废物属性

采用超景深显微镜、X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射等技术,对含镍物料样品进行微观形貌、化学成分和物相组成分析,并结合镍矿及镍矿渣的特征分析,实现固体废物属性鉴别。结果表明:物料1微观呈现蓬松碎絮形态,pH值为4.30,酸性特征显著,主要物相为SiO_(2)、FeO(OH)、PbO_(2)等,样品中S含量残留达到14.7%,Pb和As含量远超有害物质限量;物料2表面有空隙,呈现明显黑色焦烧痕迹,主要物相为Mg_(2)SiO_(4)、Fe_(3)O_(4)等,样品中MgO折算含量远超镍精矿标准限量。综合分析两种物料的外观、物理性状、微观形貌、物相组成、化学成分,发现两种物料不具有天然矿物特征,推断物料1可能来自红土镍矿在硫酸酸浸工艺中产生的湿法冶炼渣,物料2可能为含镍矿物经火法冶炼中熔炼过程产生的熔炼渣或转炉渣,均属于固体废物。

Study on Identification of Nickel-containing Solid Waste Based on Multi Technology Combination

The micro morphology, chemical composition and phase composition of nickel-containing material samples are analyzed by using ultra depth of field microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Combined with the characteristic analysis of nickel ore and nickel slag, the attribute identification of solid waste is realized. The results show that the micro structure of sample 1 is fluffy and broken floc, the pH value is 4.30, and the acid characteristic is remarkable. The main phases of sample 1 are SiO2, FeO (OH), PbO2, etc. the residual content of sulfur in the sample reaches 14.7%, and the contents of Pb and As far exceed the limit of harmful substances; There are voids on the surface of sample 2, showing obvious black scorch marks. The main phases of sample 2 are Mg2SiO4 and Fe3O4. The converted content of MgO in the sample far exceeds the standard limit of nickel concentrate.