中能重离子碰撞中的气–液相变和同位旋分馏

利用核物质理论研究气–液相变结果表明,气–液相变中临界温度T_c随系统质量的增加而增加,但随碰撞系统同位旋的增加而减小.利用改进的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中同位旋分馏强度随碰撞系统的同位旋和系统质量的变化,结果表明,同位旋分馏强度与气–液相变临界温度T_c有对应的关系,特别是气–液相变和同位旋分馏都发生在正常核密度以下低密度的spinodal不稳定区.这表明气–液相变和同位旋分馏具有相类似的动力学行为和内在联系,也预示着可以通过对同位旋分馏强度的研究和测量来揭示中能重离子碰撞过程中气–液相变的动力学特征

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition and Isospin Fractionation in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

The liquid-gas phase transition in the heavy ion collisions and nuclear matter has been an important topic and got achievements, such as, based on the studies by H. Q. Song et al the critical temperature of liquid-gas phase transition enhances with increasing the mass of system and reduces as the increase of the neutron proton ratio of system. As we know that both the liquid-gas phase transition and the isospin fractionation occur in the spinodal instability region at the nuclear density below the normal nuclear density. In particular, these two dynamical processes lead to the separation of nuclear matter into the liquid phase and gas phase. In this case to compare their dynamical behaviors is interested. We investigate the dependence of isospin fractionation degree on the mass and neutron proton ratio of system by using the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. We found that the degree of isospin fractionation (N/Z) n/(N/Z) imf decreases with increasing the mass of the system. This is just similar to the enhance of the critical temperature of liquid-gas phase transition T c as the increase of system mass. Because the enhance of T c is not favorable for the liquid-gas transition taking place, which reduces the isospin fractionation process and leads to decrease of (N/Z) n/(N/Z) imf. However the degree of isospin fractionation enhances with increasing the neutron proton ratio of the system. It is just corresponding to the reduce of T c of the liquid-gas phase transition as the increase of the isospin fractionation of the system. Because the reduce of T c enhances the liquid-gas phase transition process and also prompts the isospin fractionation process leading the increase of the isospin fractionation degree. To sum up, there are very similar dynamical behaviors for the degree of isospin fractionation and the critical temperature of the liquid-gas phase transition. So dynamical properties of the liquid-gas phase transition can be measured and studied through the studies of isospin fractionation experimentally.