Dysfunctional methods and the effective potential |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;3. School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China;2. Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan;3. Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan;4. Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China;3. College of Environment and Energy, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China;4. Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;5. Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China;1. Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632 PR China;2. Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275 PR China |
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| Abstract: | The effective potential is a useful and much-studied object. It is known to be both real and convex, but a perturbative calculation often gives a complex and nonconvex result. In this letter we address the apparent conflict between perturbation theory and the convexity of the effective potential. |
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