石墨烯基纤维储能器件的研究进展与展望

随着小型化、可穿戴等特征的智能电子以及物联网传感设备的发展，新型纤维状柔性化、小型化电化学储能器件已成为重要的研究方向。同时，对纤维材料和柔性储能器件的性能提出了更高的要求，如可任意弯折、可拉伸、可折叠、高储能密度等。石墨烯纤维具有独特的结构、优异的导电性、良好机械性能和电化学性质，已证明了是一种极具前景、高性能的新型纤维状柔性储能材料。目前，研究者已开发了多种石墨烯基纤维微观结构的调控策略来进一步改进其性能。本文首先系统总结了石墨烯基纤维的制备方法和其性能提升的策略，然后详细讨论其在柔性化纤维状超级电容器、金属离子电池、热电发电机、太阳能电池和相变材料等储能领域中的最新应用进展。最后，对石墨烯基纤维在能源存储和转换领域中存在的挑战和机会进行了展望。

Recent Advances and Prospects of Graphene-Based Fibers for Application in Energy Storage Devices

With the rapid advancement of intelligent microelectronics and the "Internet of Things" sensing microsystems with miniaturized and wearable properties, the development of novel fiber-based functional materials for application in flexible and microscale electrochemical energy storage devices has become an important strategic direction. However, this imparts higher requirements on the properties of fiber functional materials for use in flexible energy storage devices, including high bendability, stretchability, foldability, high strength, excellent interfacial stability, and high energy storage density. Based on its unique structure, excellent conductivity, and favorable mechanical and electrochemical properties, graphene-based fibers are expected to be a novel flexible functional material with high performance. To date, various strategies have been developed to control the microstructure to achieve further improvements in graphene fibers, from preparation methods to fundamental properties. In this review, a systematic summary of the recent advances in the preparation methods of graphene-based fibers is presented, including the limited hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), dry spinning, and wet spinning methods, and each method is discussed in terms of its advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, strategies to improve the mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of graphene fibers are highlighted, including the regulation of basic materials, improvement of the preparation process, and controlling subsequent processing. Recent research on the application of graphene fiber in energy storage and conversion is also summarized. Based on the exceptional electrical conductivity and pore structure of graphene fibers, it has significant application prospects in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors, metal-ion batteries, and solar cells. Moreover, graphene fibers have a wide range of applications in phase change fibers and thermoelectric generators owing to their excellent thermal conductivity. This review summarizes and discusses the preparation of the basic constituent units of graphene fibers, development of novel graphene fibers, interfaces between graphene fibers and active materials, packaging strategies and safety issues of graphene fiber-based electrochemical energy storage devices, and current evaluation criteria for graphene fiber performance. Finally, the ongoing challenges and future prospects of graphene fibers for advanced energy conversion and storage systems are presented.