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Free groups and ends of graphs
Authors:Bernhard Krön  Rögnvaldur G. Möller
Affiliation:1.Universit?t Hamburg, Fachbereich Mathematik,Hamburg,Germany;2.Science Institute,University of Iceland,Reykjavik,Iceland
Abstract:Let X be a connected graph. An automorphism of X is said to be parabolic if it leaves no finite subset of vertices in X invariant and fixes precisely one end of X and hyperbolic if it leaves no finite subset of vertices in X invariant and fixes precisely two ends of X. Various questions concerning dynamics of parabolic and hyperbolic automorphisms are discussed.The set of ends which are fixed by some hyperbolic element of a group G acting on X is denoted by ?(G). If G contains a hyperbolic automorphism of X and G fixes no end of X, then G contains a free subgroup F such that ?(F) is dense in ?(G) with respect to the natural topology on the ends of X.As an application we obtain the following: A group which acts transitively on a connected graph and fixes no end has a free subgroup whose directions are dense in the end boundary.
Keywords:Automorphisms of graphs  Ends of graphs  Free groups
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