电子枪加热合金熔池的数值分析

利用数值方法求解了电子枪加热二维合金熔池的流体力学方程组，获得了熔池流场的速度、温度和浓度分布.并且详细地研究了各种特征参量（如雷诺数、普朗特数、格拉晓夫数和李斯特数）对合金熔池流动特性的影响，一般地，雷诺数和普朗特数越小、而格拉晓夫数和李斯特数越大，则熔池中溶剂金属的蒸发速率就越大.在此基础上提出参杂适当浓度的溶质金属可以提高某些难熔难挥发金属的蒸发速率，计算中对参杂了钨、钕、锡和铬等金属的钍、铂、铱和钌等合金熔池进行了数值分析，都相应提高了溶剂金属的蒸发速率.关键词：液态合金毛细流浮力流熔池

Numerical analysis of alloy molten pool heated by electron gun

The physical model for a square alloy molten pool heated by an electron gun is described by the Navier-Stokes, energy and species concentration equations. The velocity, temperature and concentration distributions of the two-dimensional pool are analyzed by the finite difference method. The relations between the metal solvent evaporation rate and Rayleigh number Re, Prandtl number Pr, Grashof number Gr and Lewis number are studied in detail. In general, the solvent evaporation rate increases with decreasing Rayleigh number,decreasing Prandtl number, increasing Grashof number and increasing Lewis number, so the power use ratio of the electron gun increases. On this basis, such metal solutes as wolfram, neodymium and chromium is intermingled to such involatile metal solvents as thorium, platinum, ytterbium and ruthenium, and the numerical results indicate that the metal solvent evaporation rate increases.